NHS IT ops, orgs and IT policy
Published on: 27th January 2017 | Updated on: 7th May 2026
Many organisations and national and local policies shape how NHS IT works for community pharmacy in England.
This page gives a high‑level overview of:
- who is involved in NHS IT;
- how decisions are made; and
- where community pharmacy fits.
It is designed to help pharmacy owners, teams and LPCs quickly understand the landscape and know where support and influence sits.
IT choice
Community Pharmacy England and pharmacy representatives on the Community Pharmacy IT Group (CP ITG) support choice and competition in NHS pharmacy IT.
When LPCs, integrated care systems (ICSs), local authorities and commissioners are planning IT projects, Community Pharmacy England and Community Pharmacy IT Group pharmacy representatives have supported the principles below:
“To foster a robust and competitive environment, standards, frameworks, and tenders which should be designed to accommodate a wide range of IT system suppliers. Doing so creates a healthier marketplace that is more appealing to vendors. These vibrant marketplaces promote competition across various dimensions, including features, innovation, service levels, data provision, interoperability (alignment to NHS IT and other standards), pricing and overall value to healthcare teams (such as pharmacy and GP practice teams) and taxpayers.
Rather than fixating on a single solution within a larger IT ecosystem, localities (as well as national policy teams and national commissioners) are encouraged to embrace a diverse array of suppliers or look towards lists with a multitude of assured suppliers that meet relevant criteria. Pharmacy teams should be able to select from a minimum of three to four assured systems. These principles benefit healthcare teams (such as pharmacy teams), and their patients across the longer term and contributes towards a more dynamic IT landscape.”
A healthy IT marketplace:
- supports innovation and service quality;
- encourages interoperability with NHS standards;
- improves value for pharmacy teams and taxpayers; and
- avoids locking organisations into a single system.
Pharmacy teams should be able to choose from at least three to four assured systems, rather than being limited to one option.
This approach supports better outcomes for pharmacy teams, patients and the wider NHS over time.
National IT
A number of organisations set national NHS IT policy and oversee how systems are delivered.
NHS England undertakes several roles to help pharmacies and other primary care providers access and use national NHS IT systems, in line with Securing excellence in IT.
Support may be delivered directly by NHS England, or through commissioned partners such as commissioning support units (CSUs) or other IT providers.
Integrated care boards (ICBs) now oversee most support arrangements for GP practices. They may provide services directly or commission other organisations to do so.
Below is a summary of key national organisations involved in pharmacy‑related NHS IT.
| National organisation (IT) | Further info |
| Community Pharmacy IT Group (CP ITG) | Maintains a work programme in relation to English community pharmacy IT. Participating organisations include various pharmacy bodies Community Pharmacy England, AIMp, CCA, NPA, and RPS, as well NHS England pharmacy and IT teams, NHSBSA, and pharmacy system suppliers. If you would like to feed into discussions contact Community Pharmacy England’s IT team. |
| Endeavour Health (charity) | Aims to improve healthcare by enabling the design of, and researching the effectiveness of, new forms of healthcare information technology and healthcare provision with particular emphasis on patients as users of IT. |
| FHIR Foundation | Promotes global adoption and implementation of the FHIR® platform standard. |
| GP system suppliers | System suppliers are used GP practices to support their work. |
| HL7 UK | Dedicated to providing a framework and related standards for the exchange, integration, sharing, and retrieval of electronic health information. |
| medConfidential | Campaigns for confidentiality and consent in health and social care – seeking to ensure that every flow of data into, across and out of the NHS and care system is consensual, safe and transparent. |
| National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) | NCSC is the UK’s authority on cyber security. It is a part of Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ). |
| National Data Guardian (NDG) | The National Data Guardian (NDG) advises and challenges the health and care system to help ensure that citizens’ confidential information is safeguarded securely and used properly. |
| NHS England’s Transformation Directorate | The joint organisation for digital, data and technology. It brought teams from the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC), NHS England and NHS Improvement together into one unit to drive digital change and lead related policy. NHSX is soon to incorporated into NHS England and NHS Improvement. |
| NHS England’s digital directorate | Supports the NHS and social care services. Formerly had been named HSCIC and before that Connecting for Health. NHS Digital IT teams and responsibilities were incorporated into NHS England on 1st February 2023. |
| NHS HSCN team | Is overseeing the transition and then maintenance of the HSCN network (N3 replacement). |
| NHS England IT National Service Desk (NSD). | Pharmacy system suppliers may escalate EPS issues to the NSD on behalf of contractors where needed. |
| NHS Smartcard central team | Sets Smartcard and access control policy for use by local Smartcard Registration Authorities. |
| NHS Electronic Prescription Service team | Manage aspects of EPS, whilst also exploring development of EPS enhancements, real time exemption, promoting digital literacy and more. |
| NHS programme team: Pharmacy Supply Chain and Secondary Uses | Projects include the implementation of a single identifier for prescribers working within the NHS. |
| openEHR | This not-for-profit company has a vision of life-long interoperable electronic health records (EHRs); and computing on EHRs to improve the quality of health care and research. Its mission is to promote and support implementation. |
| Pharmacy system suppliers | Systems are business-critical so it is essential to give careful consideration to selecting a system supplier, or working with your supplier. |
| Professional Record Standards Body (PRSB) | Works with the public and healthcare professionals to define the standards needed for good care records. |
| System suppliers | Systems are business-critical so it is essential to give careful consideration to selecting a system supplier, or working with your supplier. |
Other national bodies may be involved with use of IT, even if that is not the primary focus of the organisation. A list of such organisations are set out below.
| National organisation(s) (remit beyond IT) | Further info |
| Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) | DHSC help to set out pharmacy related policy including in regards to data sharing and security. |
| Health Education England | Health Education England’s remit includes an objective to improve the digital capabilities of health and care staff. |
| NHS Business Services Authority (NHSBSA) | NHSBSA are involved in working with a number of IT projects which impact pharmacy. For example they:
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| NHS England |
NHS England leads the National Health Service (NHS) in England. Working with the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC), it sets the priorities and direction of the NHS to improve health and care. NHS Digital and NHSX were incorporated into NHS England. NHSE local teams: May be involved with some local IT matters e.g. the completion of the Data Security and Protection Toolkit by pharmacy contractors. NHSE have published a list of local NHSE teams with contact details. |
| Primary Care Support England (PCSE) | PCSE (formerly Primary Care Support Service – PCSS) provides administrative and support services to community pharmacies and other primary care providers on behalf of NHS England and NHS Improvement. This includes in regards to EPS token supplies. |
| Community Pharmacy England | Community Pharmacy England’s IT team works to support community pharmacy contractors and LPCs on NHS IT matters. Community Pharmacy England works with relevant parties including the Community Pharmacy IT Group (CP ITG). |
A series of national policies have influenced NHS IT and community pharmacy.
| Policy (IT) | Author(s) | Categories | Date | Summary of policy |
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Data saves lives (2021) Integration and Innovation (2021). The future of healthcare (2018). Power of information (2012).
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DHSC | IT policy incl. data sharing and security | 2012-2021 |
Data saves lives (“reshaping health and social care with data”): These policy proposals set out how to better use data across the health and care system. Community Pharmacy England has summarised the propoals into a one-page briefing factsheet. Integration and Innovation (“working together to improve health and social care for all”): This included DHSC’s legislative proposals for a Health and Care Bill. This recognised the value with broad “duty to collaborate” across the health and care system and ICSs” and a plan to “legislate to ensure more effective data sharing across the health and care system, which is critical to effective integration, and will enable the digital transformation of care pathways” The future of healthcare (“our vision for digital, data and technology in health and care”) This set out the Government’s ambitions for the use of technology, digital and data within health and care. This approach includes setting clear standards for the use of technology in health and care. Power of information (“giving people control of the health and care information they need”): A strategy that set out plans for using information and technology to improve health, care and support – to improve the experience, quality and outcomes of health and care services, intending to put people at the heart of care.
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CP ITG roadmaps and next steps for IT Digital priorities (pharmacy) and related papers. |
Community Pharmacy IT Group (CP ITG) | IT policy | 2020-2021 |
The Community Pharmacy IT Group (CP ITG) has developed a roadmap to guide the future of digital technology in community pharmacy. This roadmap reflects feedback from pharmacy teams, IT suppliers, and national stakeholders, and aligns with NHS priorities such as the 10-Year Health Plan, and the Kings Fund Community Pharmacy Vision. Digital priorities: CP ITG published its Digital priorities list (two pages) summary version (one-page) or infographic version. CPCF IT: CPCF grid, infographic and IT Reproductions of the grid and infographic to support IT relating to the Five-Year Community Pharmacy Contractual Framework (CPCF). EPS future list: Collated views about the key EPS priority items
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| The 10- Year Health Plan | DHSC | IT and wider policy | Ongoing | The 10-year health plan for England, designed to modernise the NHS through three key shifts: from hospital to community care, from analogue to digital, and from sickness treatment to prevention. The plan aims to reduce health inequalities, boost technology, and improve productivity |
| The Kings Fund Community Pharmacy Vision | The King’s Fund and Nuffield Trust | IT and wider policy | 2023 | The King’s Fund and the Nuffield Trust were commissioned by Community Pharmacy England to develop an independent vision for the future of community pharmacy. The report outlines how the sector can play a stronger role in improving population health, prevention, and managing growing demand in primary care. It also identifies the barriers that have previously limited progress and highlights the key enablers and actions needed to turn the vision into reality. |
| Everyday Interactions. | Public Health England | Interoperability & standards | 2017 | Everyday Interactions: Outlines public health impact ‘pathways’ to support pharmacy teams and others to record what they ‘do’ in their interactions with patients, what data can be collated and also the possible impacts from these interactions. These pathways could be of interest to pharmacy contractors and their system suppliers. The pathway templates include: Obesity, alocohol, dementia, and smoking. |
| A Digital NHS? | Kings Fund | IT policy | 2016 | A Digital NHS? Looks at the key commitments made and what was known about progress up to 2016, grouped under three broad themes: interoperable electronic health records, patient-focused digital technology, and secondary use of data, transparency and consent. The report identifies barriers to further progress and opportunities for delivering on the digital agenda. |
| Health Education England | Digital capabilities | 2019-2021 |
Topol Review (“Preparing the healthcare workforce to deliver the digital future”): It makes recommendations to enable NHS staff to make the most of innovative technologies such as genomics, digital medicine, artificial intelligence and robotics to improve services. These recommendations were intended to support the aims of the NHS Long-Term Plan, and the workforce implementation plan. Topol Review 2 years on (roundtable discussions): Some of the original authors of the ‘Topal Review’ dicussed progress on the findings two years after the original review was published. |
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Personalised health and care; and related |
NIB including DHSC | IT and wider policy | 2014-2017 |
Personalised health and care 2020 (published 2014): A framework for action that intends to support frontline staff, patients and citizens to take better advantage of the digital opportunity. The intention is that better use of data and technology has the power to improve health, transform the quality and reduce the cost of health and care services via four key ways: (1) give patients and citizens more control over their health and wellbeing; (2) empower carers; (3) reduce the administrative burden for care professionals; and (4) support the development of new medicines and treatments. It also said clinicians should be more paperless; and patients should expect that those caring for them have efficient access to relevant information. NIB reports (2016-2017): The role of the NIB was to put data and technology safely to work for patients, service users, citizens and the professionals who serve them. It brought together national health and care organisations from the NHS, public health, clinical science, social care and local government, along with appointed independent representatives to develop the strategic priorities for data and technology. It sets data and technology work-stream priorities in health and care and advised DHSC. |
| DHSC & IT advisory body | IT policy | 2016-2017 |
Wachter review: This review on use of IT when improving the NHS, suggested technical changes tend to succeed where carried out alongside workforce transformation and workflow amendment / training. The review suggested recommendations to inform the English health and care system’s approach to the further implementation of IT in healthcare, especially the use of electronic health records and other digital tools to achieve a paper free system. Recommendations included: (1) strengthen and grow the pool of healthcare staff that will have trained both clinically and within digital fields; (2) Allocate the funding to help Trusts go digital – mostly for those needing help, and for rewards for those exemplars; (3) Link national funding for digital to viable local implementation plans; and (3) Ensure interoperability as a core characteristic of the NHS digital ecosystem. Making IT Work (“Harnessing the Power of Health Information Technology to Improve Care in England”): Wachter working with an IT advisory body to NHSE and DHSC set out recommendations as to how to best implement digitl technology policy. |
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Caldicott2 (2013). Caldicott3 (2016). |
National Data Guardian (NDG) | Data sharing and security | 2013-2016 |
Caldicott2 (“Information Governance Review”): Review of information-sharing to ensure that there is an appropriate balance between the protection of patient information and the use and sharing of information to improve patient care. Caldicott3 (“Review of data security, consent and opt-outs”): Recommendations aimed at strengthening the safeguards for keeping health and care information secure and ensuring the public can make informed choices about how their data is used. A recommendation was made in some scenarios that the duty to share information for a patient benefit could be as important as the duty to protect confidentiality. |
| Older policies which influenced current arrangements | Various | Various | Various |
Informatics (“The future, an organisational summary”): (DHSC 2012) Securing excellence in IT Services (“Operating model for community pharmacies and others”) (NHS England 2012)
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Local policies are set out within the section below.
CP ITG has published several papers to support national pharmacy IT discussion, including:
Local IT
Many NHS IT decisions are made locally, often through integrated care systems and their partners.
Most of the themes within the approved local IT programmes for 2026 and beyond are about scaling existing solutions from past years, rather than creating brand‑new developments — many streams are similar to the previous work, the renewed ‘digitising frontline’ programme going forwards will also include areas such as records access, referrals, and productivity tools. The intention is to bring more of the frontline digital funding together with other programmes (e.g. long-running cyber, records and digital medicines programmes) under an umbrella programme and a clearer stream
Pharmacy owners and LPCs can provide support to ICBs considering their IT options – see immediately below.
CP ITG input has contributed toward templates to help LPCs and pharmacy owners set out local digital priorities that align with national pharmacy IT ambitions.
LPCs can consider the template below and whwether to adapt it and share it with the ICB:
Template for an LPC to adapt and share to the ICB regarding local pharmacy IT
Notes:
- This should not be shared to the ICB unless the content has been reviewed by the LPC and the contents align to LPC priorities.
- Feedback and suggestions on the draft templates within this section can be emailed to our IT Policy Manager.
Other templates regarding IT developments:
Six of the domains where community pharmacy owners, LPCs and CP ITG have reported seeking further progress both locally and nationally — with examples — have been:
- Systems & services IT: Robust IT solutions for pharmacy services, including clear technical specifications, supplier frameworks, choice of options, and incentives for innovation.
- Data flow, standards & IT communications: Structured messaging, expanded data standards, improvements to nhs.net, and a more unified set of pharmacy datasets.
- Electronic health records: Integration with new National Care Records Service developments, access to more documents within NCRS, ShCR info within NCRS, more GP Connect across NHS and pharmacy systems, movement towards a Single Patient Record, and alignment with PRSB and wider international record standards.
- Referrals & appointments: Universal adoption of the NHS Booking and Referral Standard (BaRS), and integrated appointment booking via the NHS App and across systems.
- Digital patient services & prescriptions: Next-generation EPS, stronger NHS App integration, open NHS App APIs, medicine tracking, better visibility of pharmacy services for patients and the NHS, and remote consultation support.
- Connectivity & data security: Simplified login processes, reliable connectivity, and secure systems aligned with NHS DSPTK standards.
Previously, Local digital roadmaps were used to set out how health systems would improve digital working, such as sharing records and moving away from paper processes. Although many original roadmaps are out of date, ongoing funding continues to support local digital development, including access to shared care records and triage systems. Digitising the frontline ICB programmes and other relevant IT workstreams continue (see the section immediately above).
NHS policy aims for all systems to meet core digital capability standards, including:
- electronic health records;
- stronger cyber security;
- improved digital skills and leadership; and
- reliable infrastructure and connectivity.
Most current digital maturity assessments focus on NHS trusts and primary care. Pharmacy digital maturity is often considered separately, and Community Pharmacy England continues to raise the importance of pharmacy inclusion.
Local organisations that may influence pharmacy IT include:
| Local organisation(s) | Further info (incl lists where available) |
| Directory of Services (DoS) local teams and leads. |
A list of local contact details is available to users of NHS Service Finder (available for health care staff such as pharmacy teams members and LPC members): |
| Health and Wellbeing Board (HWB) | See the ‘Local Authorities’ row of this table. |
| Integrated Care Boards (ICB) |
The ICB is a statutory NHS organisation responsible for planning NHS services to meet the health needs of the population, managing the NHS budget and arranging for the provision of health services in the area. They have both a chief executive and chair, and they are accountable to NHS spending and performance within their local boundaries.
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| Local Authorities (LAs, local government) |
LAs are involved with commissioning the majority of public health services. Each LA has a Health and Wellbeing Board (HWB) which has a wide remit across the new health and care system, providing strategic oversight and bringing together all the local commissioners. HWBs do not commission services; that is undertaken by the LA. Each council also has a health Overview and Scrutiny Committee (OSC) dedicated to scrutinising local NHS policy, planning, and impact against local needs and inequalities. The health OSC also must be consulted on any proposed substantial service changes. |
| Local health and shared care record project teams (re LHCR / ShCR) |
Contractors and LPCs may identify their local record project team via the list below. |
| Local Pharmaceutical Committees (LPCs) |
LPCs work with local partners – potentially to help set out local IT priorities. |
| NHS England IT local implementation or local user research staff |
NHS England is a body made up of thousands of staff, some of whom may work locally on user research or IT implementation (e.g. use of EPS and health records).
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| NHSE Digital First programme team: local projects | The Digital First Primary Care programme team support the NHS Long Term goal of making a digital route available where appropriate for patient pathways. |
| Primary Care Networks (PCNs) | PCNs are a key part of the NHS Long Term Plan, with general practices being a part of a network, typically covering 30,000-50,000 patients. The networks provide the structure and funding for services to be developed locally, in response to the needs of the patients they serve. It is important that community pharmacy teams and LPCs are fully involved in the work of their PCN and this is continuing to be encouraged. |
| Regional Medicines Optimisation Committees |
The four Regional Medicines Optimisation Committees for England make recommendations, pursue actions, and co-ordinate activities related to any aspect of Medicines Optimisation. The Specialist Pharmacy Service website contains a page through which patients, practitioners and teams can submit ideas for RMOCs to consider. The website also contains RMOC membership lists, agendas, meeting dates and minutes. |
| Shared care record project teams | See the row above related to: ‘Local health and shared care record project teams’. |
| Smartcard Registration Authorities (local) | Oversees local Smartcard-related issues. See: Contact RA info. |
In some areas, NHS IT support staff may still support local IT rollout through events, guidance and shared learning.
Where this is not available, LPCs, subject to capacity and prioritisation, may decide whether to organise their own events, and Community Pharmacy England can provide support and advice for LPCs on their decision making.
Related pages
EPS nomination and queries about it
Smartcards and Registration Authorities
IT requirements and standards A-Z
Pharmacy services IT requirements
For more information on this topic please email it@cpe.org.uk









